administration(司)

The character  is originally a mirror image of the kanji“后” (kou)that represents a person carefully listening to the words of their predecessor.

While “后(kou)” implies internal succession, this kanji means a successor who handles external affairs and public administration.Therefore, it came to mean “to govern,” “to manage,” or “an official in charge.”

succession(后)

The Kanji originally represented a person carefully listening to the words of their predecessor.From this visual origin, its meaning evolved into “the successor who carries on the work of the founding ruler.“Later, this concept of a crucial royal successor led to its modern meaning of “queen” or “empress.”

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suffering(苦)

The upper radical signifies ‘plants’ or ‘leaves,’ while the lower component depicts a mouth stimulated by a harsh taste, meaning ‘bitter.’ Consequently, the kanji represents ‘bitterness’ and, by extension, ‘suffering.’ As the old proverb goes, ‘Pain is inevitable, suffering is optional.