propriety(儀)

This kanji consists of two parts. On the left is the ‘human’ radical, which originally represented a man standing. On the right is the element for ‘righteousness,’ itself composed of a sheep and a curved saw used to carve sacrificial mutton for divine offerings. Combined, this kanji came to mean moral principles’ or propriety.’

Words & Phrases

  • 儀式(gishiki):ceremony
  • 儀礼(girei):ritual

fabrication(偽)

This kanji is made of two parts. On the left is the ‘person’ radical. On the right is a symbol said to depict a human hand guiding or taming an elephant. Combined, it originally represented doing something artificially or claiming to act on someone else’s behalf. However, because such actions were often driven by self-interest rather than genuine goodwill, the kanji eventually came to mean ‘fabrication’ or ‘falsehood.’

Words & Phrases

  • 偽善(gizen):Pretending to be a virtuous person, or performing superficial good deeds merely for show; hypocrisy.
  • 偽物(nise-mono):The state of not being genuine, real, or authentic; a fake, imitation, or counterfeit.

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comfortable(保)

On the right side of this figure, you can see a baby sleeping peacefully in a basket, while on the left, a person—perhaps the father—stands firmly on their own two feet, watching over the infant with great care. This visual conveys a profound sense of feeling comfortable and being safely defended from the outside world. In this way, these characters often generate a whole new meaning derived from combining two distinct images.

kill(伐)

This kanji advances perfectly from the raw terror of the last one! On the left side of this figure, you can find a MAN standing straight. On the right, a large combat weapon—a giant AX or halberd—is positioned right against his neck. Because it visualizes the direct action of striking a neck or trunk, this character means ‘CHOP DOWN,’ ‘CUT WOOD,’ or ‘KILL’ in Japanese.